Beyond emissions reduction: A framework for integrating climate-change mitigation and sustainable development goals

Mitigating climate change extends beyond reducing greenhouse-gas emissions (GHGs). It also involves fostering sustainable economic development and enhancing well-being. This framework offers a comprehensive approach to integrating climate-change mitigation efforts with work to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from a food systems perspective. It underscores the interconnection between environmental sustainability and socio-economic growth, emphasizing that reducing GHG emissions in food systems aligns with strategies to alleviate poverty, enhance food security, and protect ecosystems. By leveraging the co-benefits of climate action, this approach could drive progress on achieving the SDGs through attracting investment, building support, and informing strategic policy decisions.

This framework is structured into six components addressing theoretical, technical, and practical aspects of reducing food system GHG emissions while advancing work to achieve the SDGs. Theoretical components explore the drivers of food system emissions and the co-benefits of mitigation actions for the SDGs. The technical aspects focus on identifying joint solutions and assessment methods. Practical components consider geopolitical, financial, gender, and social inclusion factors to support integrated actions that meet both climate and development objectives.

Supported by case studies, this framework serves as a guide for policymakers, NGOs, businesses, and community leaders in developing sustainable, inclusive food system policies and initiatives. Designed to be adaptable, the framework is applicable to a range of levels and sources of GHG emissions within the food system. It can also be tailored to diverse geographic contexts, enabling comprehensive responses to the challenges posed by food system emissions and the need to achieve broader development goals.