Using biorational pesticides to control aphids: Lessons for fine-tuning banana aphid management

Aphids are notorious crop pests worldwide and are major vectors of plant viruses. Though synthetic insecticides remain the primary option for aphid control, their overuse poses significant risks to human and environmental health and are thus not aligned with sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, interest in biorational pesticides as safer and more sustainable alternatives for aphid control has increased. This study systematically reviewed literature on aphid management using biorational pesticides, specifically botanical pesticides, insecticidal soaps and mineral-based products. Relevant literature on aphids and biorational pesticides were identified using PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines from Scopus and ProQuest databases, employing specific search terms related to aphids and biorational pesticides. From 1992 onwards, 359 eligible publications were analyzed revealing a profound increase in research on use of biorational approaches for aphid control. Despite promise from several studies under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, field level success and adoption of biorational pesticides remain limited. Drawing lessons from these findings, the review highlights opportunities around the use of biorational pesticides to refine management strategies for the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa), the vector of Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). Integration of biorational pesticides into banana-based integrated pest and disease management programs could enhance sustainable BBTD control. However, improved understanding of their efficacy on the banana aphid; the interactions among biorational products, banana aphid ecology and behavior, crop management practices, and environmental conditions; are essential for optimizing their use on banana aphids.