‘More than cocoa’: Analysing agricultural extension and advisory services for non-cocoa tree crops in Ghana

Tree crops hold significant potential to contribute to multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, realizing this potential requires an effective extension service. In this study, we examine the current state of Ghana’s tree crop extension system by combining semi-
structured expert interviews and Net-Mapping with a quantitative assessment of farmers’ satisfaction with the services they receive. Results highlight the importance of the national extension system and farmers’ high level of trust in public (government) extension officers despite perceived deficiencies in technical knowledge regarding tree crops. Past political priorities focused on food crops, marginalizing support to tree crop farmers. Different actors (private sector, NGOs, international development corporations) have stepped in to cover part of the extension demand for the crops. However, access to agro-climatic information is found to be very limited, even though farmers express high interest in such services. E-extension is limited in its reach. Combining top-down and bottom-up analysis allowed us to develop a holistic understanding of extension service provision for local tree crops (cashew, coconut, mango, oil palm, rubber, and shea). The model can be replicated for quick assessments in similar contexts and allows establishing a solid bottom line for improving AKIS performance through private or public sector interventions.