The looming concern of climate, peace and security in South Africa: Implications for policy and climate action

Climate change in South Africa is increasingly a driver of human insecurity, compounding socio-economic vulnerabilities and heightening risks to peace and stability. Provinces such as Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, and Western Cape face intensifying droughts and floods that disrupt livelihoods, strain food, land, and water systems, and drive rural–urban migration. These impacts disproportionately affect marginalised groups, deepening inequality and social tensions. While policy frameworks exist, gaps remain in addressing climate security. Integrating conflict-sensitive adaptation, inclusive governance, and early warning systems is essential for building resilience, reducing inequality, and supporting sustainable peace.